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Colby Museum show asks how U.S. became an empire as country marks 250 years

The exhibition's arrival in the year of the country's 250th anniversary was coincidental, its curator said.

Adam Schrader - Jul 18, 2026

Installation view of Guam Political and Puerto Rico Political II by artist Amber Robles-Gordon. Photo courtesy of Art Index

The Colby College Museum of Art has opened an exhibition asking how the United States became an empire, five years after a history course on the subject inspired its curator.

The show, "Imagining an Archipelago: Art from Cuba, Guam, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Their Diasporas," opened July 11 in Waterville, Maine, and runs through June 6, 2027.

It holds about 50 works by more than 40 contemporary artists connected to islands that came under U.S. control after the Treaty of Paris in 1898, two of which — Guam and Puerto Rico — remain U.S. territories.

The show arrived in the year of the country's 250th anniversary, which curator Jessamine Batario said was not the plan.

"It was coincidental, in all transparency," she said. The exhibition was first scheduled for 2024, then pushed to 2025 and 2026. "So it's not meant to respond to the 250th anniversary but I think it's certainly relevant to it."

"As an emerging country, we were colonies and rose up against the colonizer. This exhibition also considers that from the flip side," Batario said. "How did the United States become an empire? That's something we don't necessarily think about."

Stephanie Syjuco, Afterimages (Obstruction of Vision), 2021. Photo courtesy of Colby College Museum of Art

Batario said the project began in 2021 in conversation with Colby faculty in English, history, Spanish, American studies and anthropology.

"It was through the course of a history course, the history of U.S. empire, and thinking about what happens after Manifest Destiny and westward expansion. The one-word answer was islands," she said.

Batario was born in the Philippines and educated in California, where she said the war that produced the territories got a single class session.

"The Spanish-American War in 1898 was covered in history class for maybe a day," she said. "I was born in the Philippines, so learning about the history of where I was born in just one day felt like a shortcoming."

Gamaliel Rodríguez, Correctional Faith, 2022. Photo courtesy of Colby College Museum of Art

She said most people in the United States know the country has 50 states but little about the territories. Puerto Rico has gained wider attention through popular culture and figures like Bad Bunny, while Guam is known mainly through the military.

"I wanted to share the importance of these cultures beyond their military use, to share the lived experiences of the people through the artwork," Batario said. "These islands are becoming newsworthy because of their strategic locations. But many people live there with cultures that have existed for hundreds, even thousands of years."

She said she wants the show to move the islands out of the periphery for visitors.

"If you look at a map, islands are an afterthought. They are usually in the margins, not part of the continent, and seemingly small. This exhibition takes what is in the margins and places it in the center," Batario said.

Installation view of Thea Canlas' Export Quality (Value Studies: Uniforms). Photo courtesy of Art Index

The museum built the exhibition with the artists rather than around them, holding two convenings in Maine in 2022 and 2024 at the Colby campus and on Allen Island in Muscongus Bay.

Batario said the sections on food, land, sea and sky, religion and spirituality, and militarization came from what the artists said there. A geographic section was added as an introduction for visitors unfamiliar with the places.

Batario also made studio visits across the United States and in Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

The Guam trip shaped the militarization section, she said. Jets from Andersen Air Force Base flew overhead while she was on the island, and an artist driving with her described the flights as routine.

"It's part of daily life. Nobody bats an eye because it just happens all the time," Batario said.

Installation view of Imagining an Archipelago: Art from Cuba, Guam, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Their Diasporas , Colby College Museum of Art, Waterville, Maine, 2026. Zilia Sánchez, Lunar negro con tatuaje , 1975. Photo: Art Index

Artists there also took her on a hike down to Fouha Rock, a formation in Fouha Bay that CHamoru tradition holds as the site where the first people came into being. The National Park Service designated it a National Natural Landmark in 1972.

"And so on the one hand, I felt like this military presence, and on the other hand, I felt like such a sense of sacredness in the place. And so there's a duality there," she said. "And it's really complex, too. A lot of CHamorus themselves are very patriotic."

Batario said the jets on Guam represent economic opportunity as much as intrusion.

"I wanted to be sure to convey multiple perspectives and not just one kind of indictment or response to these histories," she said.

That is the reason for the artist count, she said.

"I think the number of artists in the exhibition, 40, illustrates the multiplicity of voices and perspectives related to these places and histories," Batario said. "I could never imagine an exhibition that speaks to these histories from four different places with fewer artists."

She said she did not want one artist, or a handful, carrying centuries of a people's history, and that "inviting as many voices to the table as I could, given our space constraints" drove the selection. The works span painting, photography, sculpture, found objects, installation, ceramics, charcoal and weaving.

The exhibition includes new commissions by Jerome Reyes, Sara Jimenez, Mariquita "Micki" Davis, Isa Gagarin and Camille Hoffman, whose site-specific installation runs along a corridor connecting the museum's Lunder Wing to the show.

Batario pointed to the exhibition's militarization section as the place where the perspectives collide.

"Some of the most patriotic people you meet are from these islands," she said, describing viewpoints in that section as incongruent. "It's not just one response to these histories. It's multiple. I think the legacies of these histories are unpredictable. You have no idea how people will respond."

Gisela McDaniel, Put it down for her, 2023. Photo courtesy of the artist and Pilar Corrias

Asked how much weight she placed on political expression in a contemporary show on colonization, Batario said she did not build it to argue a position.

"I don't think of this exhibition as partisan. It includes multiple perspectives, and people can decide what they want from what they learn," she said.

Every artist in the show is contemporary, Batario said, including several who have died, some as recently as two years ago and some in the 1990s. The oldest work dates to 1975, and most were made after 2000, many in the last five years.

"The exhibition focuses on recent work because it drives the point home that these histories are not just in the past," she said. "These histories have legacies that have a bearing on how people live in their communities today."

She said the show is also answering an earlier one, "1898: U.S. Imperial Visions and Revisions," which ran at the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery from April 2023 to February 2024 and handled the period through historical portraiture.

"In many ways, these two exhibitions are bookends to each other and build on that art historical discourse," Batario said.

Working on contemporary art meant the exhibition had to track events as it was being assembled. Beatriz Santiago Muñoz's 2014 video Ojos para mis enemigos follows a person walking through a decommissioned Navy base in Puerto Rico and the wildlife that has moved into it, according to the exhibition checklist.

"This is what happens when you decommission a Navy base. Nature comes back," Batario said, calling the work a document of a temporary possibility.

The base went back into use in late 2025, and Batario said the museum acknowledged that in the presentation, citing increased tensions in the Caribbean. She did not name the base. The Navy reactivated Naval Station Roosevelt Roads in Ceiba, closed since 2004, as U.S. forces built up in the region.

The delays that pushed the opening to 2026 were logistical, she said, related to spacing large exhibitions across the museum's program.

"So, truly, the decision to push it back was to keep the staff in mind and ensure we had the resources to do this properly," Batario said.

Batario said the work changed her relationship to her own family history. She said she often consulted with her mother “on all kinds of cultural issues.”

She singled out Thea Canlas' Export Quality (Value Studies: Uniforms), a 2023 installation of machine-embroidered piña cloth, white sand, sugar, pearls and teeth, according to the checklist. Canlas took the pineapple fiber traditionally reserved for the barong — the shirt worn at weddings and, by the president, at state events — and cut it into a workman's jumpsuit and a maid's uniform.

"It's a beautiful, exquisite fiber," Batario said, adding that the piece "made me think about the relevance of culture and our own traditions" as something for people doing daily work rather than public figures. She called it one of her favorite installations in the show.

Batario said far more artists came out of the studio visits than the galleries could hold.

"I think of this exhibition as part of a longer curatorial process. Just because I met an artist and didn't include them doesn't mean I won't work with them in the future," she said.

Doing the show in Maine is less unlikely than it sounds, Batario said, both because Colby's museum is an academic one and because the communities are present in the state.

"It might seem odd, but there are small communities of Filipinos and Puerto Ricans in Maine," she said. "They're not as sizable as you might find in big cities, but they are still here."

After Waterville, the show has plans to travel to museums in Puerto Rico, California and New Jersey through the start of 2029.

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Amber Robles-Gordon: sus raíces y herencia vistas a través del arte

Por Periódico El Adoquín/Publicado 17/05/2023 a las 4:59 pm/Actualizado 02/11/2023 a las 5:09 pm/7 min lectura

La artista nacida en San Juan y criada desde pequeña en Arlington Virginia, Amber Robles-Gordon, está presentando la primera exposición individual en línea, Place of Breath and Birth, en la Galería de Arte de la Universidad del Sagrado Corazón, en Santurce.

Su trabajo artístico representa un retrato de sus recuerdos de niña. Según nos cuenta en entrevista, este momento en la vida de la artista fue muy complejo, no solamente por encontrarse en un nuevo lugar a temprana edad, con una cultura e idioma totalmente diferente a la de San Juan, pero además por el discrimen que la recibió en aquel entonces. Esta exposición es dedicada a esa parte de su vida y su afán por recuperar su herencia.

Desde muy niña,a Amber Robles-Gordon su mamá le enseñó la importancia de apreciar y valorar el arte y las expresiones culturales. Recuerda cuando iba al Instituto Smithsonian a ver importantes piezas, en especial le llamaba la atención las de impresionismo. La artista se acuerda hasta de su primera maestra de arte que le enseñó cómo crear un collage, al lograrlo, se sintió muy orgullosa. Luego, se dio cuenta de su talento y decidió dedicarse como artista.

A preguntas del discrimen que tuvo que experimentar desde su llegada a Estados Unidos, Amber Robles-Gordon nos cuenta que: “Por ejemplo, no puedo recordar lo que realmente se me estaba diciendo. Solo recuerdo esa sensación de que no quería que continuara por lo que no quise hablar más el español. Yo de cinco años no sabía cómo hacer que se detuviera [el discrimen]. Pensé que se basaba en el idioma que estaba hablando y ellos no entendían por qué lo estaba hablando. A los cinco años tomé la decisión y pensé que, si dejaba de hablarlo, tal vez la gente no se burlaría”, expresó Amber Robles-Gordon.

La artista añadió que los latinos también “somos personas de color”, por lo que hay que tomar decisiones sobre quiénes somos en la sociedad y cómo reclamamos nuestro espacio e interactuamos con los demás.

“Creo que todos nosotros hemos tenido que tomar una decisión en algún momento u otro sobre cómo nos representamos y cómo representamos nuestra cultura. Es solo que no sabía que la decisión que tome a los cinco años iba a ser tan duradera y algo tan serio en mi vida. En aquel momento sentía que, si no era mi idioma, iba a ser otra cosa… tenía que negociar para que fuera aceptada. No te das cuenta de que, acomodando la forma de pensar de otras personas, se va acumulando un sentimiento. Luego me di cuenta de que, como mujer negra, debía reclamar mi postura”, indicó la artista, quien explicó que precisamente esta exposición la utiliza para empoderar a aquella niña de cinco años de aquel entonces.

Cómo surge esta exposición Place of Breath and Birth

Amber Robles-Gordon expresó que siempre quiso regresar a Puerto Rico, obtener nuevamente su idioma y reencontrarse con familiares y seres queridos en la Isla. La primera vez que intentó retomar el español fue terminando su posgrado cuando tuvo la opción de elegir estudiar otro idioma, pero en ese momento su hijo fue diagnosticado con pérdida auditiva, por lo que tuvo que tomar una decisión: ¿español o lenguaje de señas en inglés?, y como ella misma expresó: “decidí poner a mi hijo primero”.

Una vez su hijo ya estaba más grande, la artista tomó nuevamente la decisión de regresar a la Isla y sanar esa parte de ella. Durante aquel momento, hace contacto con Edwin Velázquez Collazo, ya que él incluía su trabajo de diferentes maneras en su blog Puerto Rico Art News. “Así que alrededor de unos años antes del 2019, me encontré con alguien que estaba valorando mi trabajo, así que tuve una conversación con él [Velázquez Collazo] agradeciéndole. Hablando con él investigué de cómo regresar a Puerto Rico, para encontrar esos pedazos de mí que había escondido de niña”, señaló la artista. Velázquez Collazo le recomendó entonces que contactara a la Universidad del Sagrado Corazón y les presentara una propuesta.

Tendedero Comunidad y Energía Eterna 18 x 24 2020

Por razones de la reciente pandemia la Galería tuvo que cerrar y convertirse en una virtual, Amber Robles Gordon decidió venir a la Isla, donde estuvo alrededor de tres meses. A pesar de que estaba planeando estar más tiempo, no pudo hacerlo ya que Puerto Rico estaba ajustando más las reglas de precaución y la artista tenía compromisos también en Estados Unidos, por lo que tuvo que regresar. A pesar de esto, aclara que cada pieza de esta exhibición la comenzó en Puerto Rico para terminarlas luego desde Washington DC.

Amber Robles disfruta mucho los colores y trabajar con diferentes texturas, principalmente en telas. Como parte del análisis y el estudio que realiza para sus obras de arte, hace dibujos o “sketches”. Precisamente, durante el viaje que realizó con su madre en la Isla, se dijo que iba a hacer dibujos a través de todo el viaje, todos los días. “Así que con estos dibujos me di cuenta que estaba haciendo la parte abstracta de Fiscus Elástica, nombre que le da a la parte central en las piezas de la muestra. A pesar de que no me gusta la naturaleza, porque no me gustan los mosquitos, si me gustan mucho sus colores, cómo las plantas nos cuidan y la relación que tenemos con ellas”, señaló.

Cuando llegó al campus de la Universidad del Sagrado Corazón, observó que los árboles tenían sus nombres, viendo una relación de algún tipo, hasta familiar. “Vi la representación de las raíces, lo que era como una versión familiar y de comunidad de la naturaleza y lo que significa eso para mí. Yo no me di cuenta de lo conmovida que estaba (en ese momento) con los árboles”.

Botánica del Amor, Autoreflexión y Espiritualidad 18 x 24 2020

“Cuando ves las obras y los colores de esta colección; por ejemplo, el verde menta se encuentra en todas las piezas. Cuando estuve en Puerto Rico fue un color que utilizaba mucho para decorar, por lo que quise utilizarlo en todas las piezas. Decidí utilizar los sketches que tenía como base, y terminaron convirtiéndose en una de las capas más importantes del trabajo”, añadió.

A preguntas de este medio de cómo se sintió al terminar esta serie, expresó: “Definitivamente hay un sentimiento de orgullo al terminar la serie. Esta fue la primera que hice específicamente de algo tan importante para mí como lo es mi herencia”.

Detrás de la elaboración de cada trabajo, ciertamente hay un elemento de la expresión de emociones. Durante esto, sintió que estaba como en una excavación, porque “estaba aprendiendo sobre muchas cosas que no sabía cómo decirlas o presentarlas. Era como si estuviera pelando o dejando ver las diferentes capas de mi personalidad”, expresó Amber Robles-Gordon.

Su trabajo incluye esculturas, pero muy diferentes quizás a lo que uno está acostumbrado, muchas de ellas están creadas con telas de colores. Sus trabajos escultóricos tienen que ver mucho con la cultura afrodescendiente.

Disfruta hacer el trabajo a gran escala. A pesar de que considera que ha sido afortunada de haber hecho arte por tanto tiempo, entiende que hay ciclos, por lo que cuando se le comisiona una pieza, ya ella tiene pensado los materiales, ha escogido telas y empieza a armar esa pieza basado en lo que ha coleccionado. Va apartando los materiales para próximas piezas, pues se convierte todo en un ciclo para la artista.

Lo más reciente…

En la actualidad, la artista Amber Robles-Gordon está trabajando en un proyecto junto a Semilla Cultural, organización en la que están realizando un proyecto donde tiene que aprender el baile de bomba. Para éste, ha reunido un grupo de mujeres, entre ellas su madre, junto a la maestra Isha Renta.

Por otra parte en International Arts and Artists at Hillyer, en Washington DC, presenta la exhibición Remnants: a visual journey of memory and renewal en la que exhibe la pieza Soy luz, amor y frecuencia hasta el 28 de mayo.

Adicional, este sábado 20 de mayo a las 2:00 p.m. tendrá un conversatorio con George Hemphill, renombrado galerista en Washington DC, en la que hablarán sobre los fundamentos de su obra de arte actual, los hilos que la conectan con la Escuela de Color de Washington y un amor y aprecio inquebrantables por la obra de arte de Alma Thomas.

Hasta hace poco, mostró su obra en la exposición “Trenzando Identidades” en el Museo Casa Escuté de Carolina, junto a 30 artistas destacadas y emergentes afro-puertorriqueñas y en la que abordaron asuntos de raza, género e identidad en los medios de la fotografía, pintura, dibujo, arte digital, collage y el grabado.

Para más información, visite https://www.amberroblesgordon.com/

Spectrumatic Beacon, Commissioned Public Artwork, Textile on Chicken Wire, 2018

https://eladoquintimes.com/2023/05/17/amber-robles-gordon-sus-raices-y-herencia-vistas-a-traves-del-arte/

“Successions: Traversing U.S. Colonialism” on Exhibit at American University Museum

“USVI Spiritual, Moko Jumbie: Walk Tall and Heal Forward” Mixed Media on quilt, (back of “USVI Political”) 2021 (Courtesy of Amber Robles-Gordon)

Amber Robles-Gordon’s “Successions: Traversing U.S. Colonialism” has a dual purpose. It consists of her “Place of Birth and Breath” solo exhibit viewed first in her native Puerto Rico in 2020, and it has evolved into a component exhibit, which is an exploration of the historical underpinnings of U.S. Colonialism.

Robles-Gordon is a mixed media visual artist whose solo exhibit at the American University Museum opened in August and can be viewed Fridays through Sundays, from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. until Dec. 12.

What began as a quest, “to heal my five-year-old self: to empower her to fight for herself, her language and her culture,” the exhibition took on “the intersections of language, culture, institutional racism, anti-blackness and their immeasurable impact within the U.S. territories,” said Robles-Gordon.

A native-born Puerto Rican with family from St. Thomas, St. John, Puerto Rico, Tortola and Antigua, Robles-Gordon created a visual discussion of the historical and political plight and resilience of the District of Columbia, where she resides, and the five U.S. territories that her two-sided quilts represent. They embody the artist’s creation of a political study of the territories and on the reverse side, a spiritual and cultural study.

Robles-Gordon’s early love of art and creativity moved her delight with fabrics, quilts and found objects to the discovery that these could and would be her artistic narrative.

A writer uses words to express; my medium of expression is my art, she said. “I use a myriad of materials according to what I’m trying to convey in a particular project or a particular narrative. It’s very essential that I match up with what I’m trying to convey,” Robles-Gorden said.

The decision to dismiss her native language, Spanish, came as a result of the teasing and ridicule Robles-Gordon experienced as a five-year-old kindergartener at her school in Arlington, Virginia, far away from her birthplace of Puerto Rico. She did not look like a Latina girl that was familiar to her classmates, and hence developed the bullying of this little brown-skinned girl.

In time, Robles-Gordon realized the importance of embracing her language and her culture and the need to find ways to heal through her research and employ it through her art as the medium on her journey to healing.

Speaking of her years as an artist, Robles-Gordon’s journey toward healing is what she brings creatively in her discoveries about U.S. Colonialism, “I think that it’s a beginning. There’s not an end to my journey. It’s a part of my journey. I think I’ve done a hell of a job in starting it. I actually feel proud about it in my own life. That feels good,” she said.

Robles-Gordon made the universe know how important this part of her journey is. “I think I’ve done that,” she said.

“Successions: Traversing U.S. Colonialism” exhibits the component of Robles-Gordon’s body of work containing six quilts embodying the Commonwealth of the District of Columbia, and the five U.S. territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands and American Samoa. The other component, “Place of Birth and Breath,” is the collage on canvas series created in 2020 and exhibited at the Universidad del Sagrado Corazon, (University of the Sacred Heart) in Puerto Rico.

“Place of Birth and Breath” is Robles-Gordon’s 10 mixed-media collage canvases that are a result of the visit with her mother to Puerto Rico where both women recaptured their roots, one of her childhood home, and the other of her birthplace.


“Isla del Encanto” collage, 18×24, 2020. (Courtesy of Amber Robles-Gordon)

A foundational symbology of the “Birth and Breath” body of work is the rubber tree that grows on the campus of the University of the Sacred Heart, which Robles-Gordon was introduced to while in Puerto Rico. “This tree appeared to be a literal fusion of past, present and future states of creation or sustaining an ecosystem. Throughout the series, are abstracted representations of the rubber tree – an entanglement of strong roots – as an example of its resiliency this tree most recently stood-fast to its native soil while 155 mph winds battered the campus,” Robles-Gordon noted.

Robles-Gordon shares her intricate ideas of how she layered her work depicting and interpreting the transitions of day to night and night to day. She relates to three major ethnic/racial groups – the Taino, the Spaniards and Africans, the stranglehold of the United States and the impact of the Caribbean Sea with its threat of hurricanes, scorching summer heat and lush landscapes.

Successions: Traversing U.S. Colonialism at American University exhibition closes on Dec. 12. The journey continues. The conversation continues. The healing continues.

See Amber Robles-Gordon’s website here..